Emergency Medicine MCQs 2026
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A randomized controlled trial reports a relative risk (RR) of 0.70 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.98) for a new drug vs placebo for a composite outcome. A. The result is not statistically significant because RR is below 1 B. The result is statistically significant because the CI does not include 1 C. The study proves the drug caused the outcome in every patient D. The CI shows the drug is harmful because it crosses 0 Correct answer: B Explanation: For RR, a 95% CI that stays entirely on one side of 1 indicates statistical significance at the 0.05 level.
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A screening test has sensitivity 90% and specificity 80% in a population where the disease prevalence is 1%. Which statement is most accurate? A. The positive predictive value will be high because sensitivity is high B. Most positive results will be false positives because prevalence is low C. The negative predictive value will be low because specificity is 80% D. Prevalence does not affect predictive values Correct answer: B Explanation: With very low prevalence, false positives can outnumber true positives even when sensitivity is high.
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A study finds a strong association between coffee intake and reduced risk of a disease, but the analysis did not adjust for smoking. What is the main concern? A. Selection bias B. Confounding C. Random error only D. Effect modification by outcome status Correct answer: B Explanation: Smoking could be related to both coffee intake and disease risk, creating a distorted association if not adjusted.
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